ࡱ> &N#$%_L( #/ 00DArialngsX.(0(z[ 0 DGaramondX.(0(z[ 0  DTimes New Roman(0(z[ 0 0DWingdingsRoman(0(z[ 0  A .  @n?" dd@  @@`` 8&#      !"#%$ 0AA@8wʚ;ʚ;g4TdTd@z[ 0\ppp@ <4ddddl 00. <4ddddl< 080___PPT10 ?  %FINSTRUMENTAL MUSIC% Historical Perspective Alan Highers(&P THE HISTORICAL ARGUMENT(l Presented by Martel Pace June 10, 2007 Shady Acres Church of Christ Sikeston, Missouri$mi,THE BASIC PRINCIPLE& OTIS GATEWOOD 1950s @ Warsaw, Poland''<RECOMMENDED WORKS A CAPPELLA MUSIC, Everett Ferguson A MEDLEY ON THE MUSIC QUESTION, G. C. Brewer THE INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC ISSUE, Ferguson, Lewis, and West WHAT ABOUT INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC, Alan Highers (Lesson on DVD, VHS)8ZZNEW TESTAMENT PERIODA CAPPELLA MUSIC, Everett Ferguson, page 18 (Ph.D., Harvard University). (Author, Backgrounds of Early Christianity; Editor, Encyclopedia of Early Christianity)  So, no instrument is found in the New Testament reference, but only vocal praise, and thus no New Testament authority for instrumental music in worship is available. xMJ# "NOT PRESENT IN THE N.T. CHURCH ( The conclusion drawn from the New Testament texts and from linguistic evidence was that instrumental music was not present in the worship of the New Testament church. Everett Ferguson, A CAPPELLA MUSIC, p. 40.F( EARLY WRITERS They give an explicit condemnation to instrumental music. (Ferguson, p. 67).  If early Christians speak so harshly of instruments in social contexts, one can only imagine the outcry which would have been raised to their presence in a worship service. The fathers never conceived of that possibility. (Ferguson, p. 72).:DZ;$ DINSTRUMENTS  A LATE INTRODUCTION##(  It is quite late before there is evidence of instrumental music, first the organ, employed in the public worship of the church. Recent studies put the introduction of instrumental music even later than the dates found in reference books. (Ferguson, pp. 73-74).(  ABOUT TENTH CENTURY  It was perhaps as late as the tenth century when the organ was played as a part of the service. This makes instrumental music one of the late innovations of the medieval Catholic Church. (Ferguson, p. 74, emphasis added).J$$$* HISTORICAL CONCLUSION  There are good historical, theological, and musicological grounds to engage only in a cappella music in public worship. . . Only a cappella music in the public worship of the church rests on good Biblical, historical, and theological grounds. (Ferguson, p. 84).l ZU$ $"$ $g$ MORE HISTORICAL DATA6James W. McKinnon, THE CHURCH FATHERS AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, Columbia University, 1965  All subsequent Church Fathers [since Clement of Alexandria] make blanket condemnations of instruments, never explaining whether one instrument is worse than another, or anything of that sort. DZ*$$  OPPOSED TO INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC( The Fathers of the early church were virtually unanimous in their hostility toward musical instruments. (McKinnon, p. 1).  . . . the vocal music of the Synagogue, especially psalmody, was fostered by Christians with considerable enthusiasm. (McKinnon, p. 1).  There is the fact that early Christian music was vocal, and there is the patristic polemic against instruments. (McKinnon, p. 2).rZiwpMOSHEIM The Christian worship consisted in hymns, prayers, the reading of the Scriptures, a discourse addressed to the people, and concluded with the celebration of the Lord s Supper. (Eccl. Hist., Vol. I, p. 303).  Music in churches is as ancient as the apostles; instrumental music not so. (Joseph Bingham, Antiquities of the Christian Church, Anglican scholar)ZiZ!M#McCLINTOCK & STRONG  6 The Greek word psallo is applied among the Greeks of modern times exclusively to sacred music, which in the Eastern Church has never been any other than vocal, instrumental music being unknown in that Church, as it was in the primitive Church. Vol. VIII, p. 739 (emphasis added).n&$$$ $5$&"What is the Restoration Principle?##(bWe believe that using the Bible alone, we can restore the church Jesus built in the first century!cc6 WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?(  We are guided by the scriptures, not by history. Why is it important to study this subject from the historical perspective? BECAUSE the historical data answers many of the arguments used FOR instrumental music.&P VARGUMENT:  Prophesied in the Old Testament ,,(n Psalm 57   I will sing and give praise. . . Awake, psaltery and harp. . . I will praise thee, O Lord, among the people. If prophesied, WHY is instrumental music never a part of New Testament worship?  If the thing follow not, nor come to pass, that is the thing which the Lord hath not spoken (Deut. 18:22).&87 &MEANING OF  PSALLO @Some say it includes instrumental music. EPH. 5:19  MAKING MELODY (psallo) Again, the historical evidence is important because it shows the early church did NOT understand  psallo to include the instrument. The early church obeyed  psallo, but they did not use the instrument!b!Z(#>Ke7( THE SINGING OF PSALMS Some say  This means we sing Old Testament Psalms that included the instrument.  Can t we practice what we sing about? L|Q(((!Look at Other Psalms:dWhat about Old Testament Psalms that included burnt offerings and animal sacrifices (Ps. 66:13,15)? $ed6, h You mean we can t practice what we can sing about? 55$ Psalm 66:13, 15 13. I will go into Your house with burnt offerings; I will pay You my vows, & 15. I will offer You burnt sacrifices of fat animals, With the sweet aroma of rams; I will offer bulls with goats K$m$What did the N.T. Church do?^Historically, we know early Christians did not consider Psalms to justify instrumental music. 2_\666MAN ON A DESERTED ISLAND(j No one sincerely reading the Bible would think instrumental praise was unacceptable to God. This ignores the fact that men did think it was unacceptable until the TENTH century, and many afterwards! Adam Clarke, John Wesley, John Calvin, Charles Spurgeon  and the patristic writers for the first 500 years!6Z6&IMPORTANCE OF THE HISTORICAL EVIDENCE''( It shows instrument was NOT used in the New Testament period. It shows the early writers (first 500 years) were strongly opposed. The historical facts also refute many of the arguments being made today to justify the instrument."$What about Saturday night Communion?%%(d Acts 2:42 42 And they continued steadfastly in the apostles doctrine and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and in prayer. BUT IT DOESN T SAY HOW REGULAR  STEADFAST WAS!P u(0$Acts 20:7 makes it plain:Now on the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul, ready to depart the next day, spoke to them and continued his message until midnight. Verse 6 says Paul had waited seven days to meet with the church. NP$$$First day significance: 1 Corinthians 11:20 20  Therefore when you come together in one place, it is not to eat the Lord s Supper. They could not properly observe it because of factions among them, but they had come together for the purpose of observing it. nY$X$$((First Day worship: 1 Corinthians 16:1-2 1 Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given orders to the churches of Galatia, so you must do also: 2 On the first day of the week let each one of you lay something aside, storing up as he may prosper, that there be no collections when I come.  w}A key word/phrase:   Lord s  Of the Lord  Belonging to the Lord From kyriakos, used 2 times in the N.T. I Cor. 11:20 and Rev. 1:10  Lord s Supper and  Lord s Day belong together! (E. Ferguson, The Church of Christ, Ecclesiology.)X6v"Day of Meeting--PersecutionBThe early Christians could have avoided much persecution by alternating days! But they continued always faithful meeting on the Lord s Day for the Lord s Supper.("THE ENDTo be in and to remain as the New Testament Church we must follow what was authorized by the Apostles of Christ. 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